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Any support mail won't take longer than half a day to be answered. Music Label. Catalog your music collection Catalog CDs, vinyls and music from your hard drive, etc. In the absence of validated questionnaire to assess the awareness of the population on medicine risks when they are used with normal doses, our questionnaire was developed for the purpose of this study. While its reliability and validity have not been tested, the questionnaire was submitted to four experts in public health, epidemiology and pharmacology for an opinion, before being translated into Lao.
It is used for communication on drug safety in validated sources of information on medicines i. However, when this term has never been heard by a villager, it does not necessarily mean that he is not aware of medicine risks. We observed that even when they were qualified as aware of medicine risks, the large majority of our respondents think that modern medicines are potentially harmful only in overdosage.
In addition, the majority of the respondents in our study considers traditional medicines as safe or has no opinion, even in overdosage. Therefore, strategies to raise awareness of the population on drug safety, without scaring patients from using medicinal products are needed, with special attention to rural areas. This is particularly important in a country where most medicines, even the most harmful, are readily available OTC.
Adequate key messages on drug safety, for example targeting medicinal products commonly involved in ADRs could be relevant. For this purpose, drug safety data in the Lao PDR are needed. Half of our respondents had never heard of poor quality medicines. Although efforts made by the government since the implementation of the National Drug Policy [ 8 ] have allowed reduction in the proportion of poor quality medicines in the market [ 27 ], the threat is still real [ 13 ].
Most of the people being aware of poor quality medicines had been informed through media in our study. Half of our participants could not name the last medicines used within the last year.
This can be due to recall bias, illiteracy concerns or non-adherence to prescribed medications with regard to chronic diseases medications. This could also result from a lack of identification of medicines, as previously observed in two studies in which half of the medicines sold in private or public pharmacies had no label [ 9 , 29 ].
As accepted important sources of information on drug use and safety [ 30 ], the provision of labels and package inserts should be endorsed. It should be mentioned that a new article of the Laotian law on drug and medical products states that medicine users should receive clear and complete information from medicines suppliers.
However, package inserts are often written in medical jargon and too many information is generally provided. They are thus difficult to understand [ 31 ]. When printed in foreign languages, they can be incomprehensible for patients, especially in rural areas [ 7 ]. Distributed by pharmacists and other health professionals, well-adapted model sets of minimum information developed in a way that is relevant to each population — e.
The best effects on patients knowledge are evident when both written and oral information on medicines are provided [ 35 ]. In a previous study by Stenson et al.
Enhancing the training of pharmacist and medical students on drug safety communication seems necessary in the Lao PDR. Drug safety monitoring requires the involvement of healthcare professionals. In addition, central, provincial or district level drug information centers for patients who seek information on medicines could help transforming medicine users from passive recipients to active partners [ 40 — 42 ]. In remote areas, community health workers or community leaders have proved highly effectiveness in promoting health [ 43 , 44 ] and could constitute mediators between the population and a drug information center.
At last, mobile technologies and web-based systems have recently proved good performance in health care processes in Asia [ 45 , 46 ]. We have demonstrated concerns about the awareness of the risks of medicinal products among the population of Vientiane Capital. The most important recommendation would be to invest more in education and information about these risks for the population.
This work was performed in collaboration with the Pierre Fabre Foundation. Without its support, this research would not have been implemented. We also acknowledge Dr Valy Keoluangkhot and Dr Naphaphone Phalivong for their help for the translations of the questionnaires. Competing interests. CC and CS were responsible for the data collection.
CC performed the data analysis, wrote the first draft of the paper and coordinated contributions from other co-authors. All authors read and approved the manuscript. Chanvilay Sichanh, Email: rf. Lamphone Syhakhang, Email: moc. Cyrille Delpierre, Email: rf. Chanthanom Manithip, Email: moc. Mayfong Mayxay, Email: ca. Maryse Lapeyre-Mestre, Email: rf. Paul N Newton, Email: ca. Anne Roussin, Email: rf. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U.
BMC Public Health. Published online Jun Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Corresponding author. Received Oct 27; Accepted Jun This article has been cited by other articles in PMC.
Methods Face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires of residents older than 16 years were carried out in 12 randomly selected villages out of the villages of Vientiane Capital with at least one health facility. Results The respondents were mainly Conclusions Overall, these results suggest a lack of awareness about medicinal product risks.
Methods Study population This cross-sectional study was conducted between August and November in Vientiane Capital. Questionnaire and data collection The questionnaire was developed for the purpose of the study.
Table 1 Questionnaire for survey of population awareness of risks related to medicinal products use. Answers A. Sociodemographic characteristics 1. Gender o Male o Female 2.
Level of education o Secondary school or higher o Primary school or no education 8. Can you read? Do you have easy access to internet? Medicinal product use 1. Have you ever consumed modern medicine s? Have you ever consumed traditional medicine s?
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